Contrary to popular belief, muscle soreness has nothing to do with how “good” your workout was. Typically when you start a new training programming you will be sore because of the novelty of the exercise. Whenever you perform exercise that you have not done before, you will most likely experience muscle soreness in the following days (delayed onset muscle soreness – DOMS). When your body starts to get used to that new stimulus, the soreness will subside. It is important to keep in mind that when the soreness does subside, that doesn’t mean the exercise you are performing is not working or producing a meaningful stimulus your body has simply better adapted to recover from that stimulus.

There is nothing wrong with doing multiple sets. The research is very clear, the benefits are the same if you complete one set versus multiple sets but there is one big difference, doing one set saves you a lot more time in the gym. How can that be possible? For the one set to be just as effective, it must be completed to momentary muscle failure, the point at which you cannot complete another rep. Once you hit that point, you have exhausted all muscle fibers and now they need to rest. When doing multiple sets, most people go to a certain numerical goal, not momentary muscle failure, so they still have some energy left in the tank to complete another set. The research is clear; to get great results in the gym, strength train harder but not for very long. 

Research published in the Journal of Applied Physiology challenges what strength training pundits have taught for years: In order to grow bigger muscles, you need to lift heavy weights.  A team of researchers led by Stuart Philips at McMaster University in Canada separated subjects into two groups: one group did “heavy” weights for less reps (8-12 reps) and the other group lifted a lighter weight and performed more reps (20-25 reps).  Subjects in both groups were “trained” meaning they had a minimum of 2 years of strength training experience (studies with “trained” subjects are often viewed as more credible because applying any type of strength training intervention produces positive results with subjects who are new to strength training).  The researchers required both groups to train to momentary muscle failure.  The result?  Both groups experienced the same improvements in muscle strength and muscle size.  The researchers concluded, “We provide novel evidence of lifting markedly different (lighter versus heavier) loads (mass per repetition) during whole-body resistance training on the development of muscle strength and hypertrophy in previously trained persons. Using a large sample size (n=49), and contradicting dogma, we report that the relative load lifted per repetition does not determine skeletal muscle hypertrophy nor, for the most part, strength development.”

Take home message: Despite what the majority of the strength training world believes, the amount of weight you lift isn’t the key; reaching momentary muscle failure is the real stimulus.

This may be controversial and we would love to say that exercise has a huge impact on weight loss but in reality, it does not.

Recent research shows:

• Aerobic exercise and resistance training with weights are both effective in reducing epicardial fat mass in individuals with abdominal obesity, but resistance training appears to be a better exercise for reducing pericardial adipose tissue mass, according to the results of a new study. 
• Compared to all other forms of aerobic exercise and physical activity, Strength training was the most effective for mitigating increases in waist circumference (51,000 men over 12 years).
• Resistance exercise increases resting metabolic rate.  Aerobic exercise has been shown to have no significant impact on resting metabolic rate.  (2020 Meta-analysis).

What will have the most dramatic effect in losing weight is reducing your caloric intake. Instead of a goal around “losing weight”, at Discover Strength, we like to focus on improving body composition (how much lean muscle tissue vs. fat tissue). We are not registered dietitians but with the help of our Bod Pod, we can tell you your lean muscle tissue, fat tissue, and your resting metabolic rate. Based on those numbers we can help you set a caloric deficit to help you achieve your goals.

This is one of the most common questions we get at Discover Strength. The simple answer to this is to isolate the abdominals just like any other muscle group and train one set to failure. The abs are just like every other muscle group in your body. They need rest and recovery and doing additional sets does not make them stronger OR look better (we know… that is devastating). Instead of calling it the “core”, we will refer to your abs and back as your midsection instead. Let’s break this question down into two parts:

1. How to strengthen your midsection: You can accomplish this in two exercises. Complete a set of abs to the point of momentary muscle failure. Complete a set of low back to momentary muscle failure. This will strengthen all the musculature of the midsection.
2. How to improve the appearance of your abs: This is not accomplished by completing a “core” class or multiple sets of abs. Spot reduction is a myth, your body is an interconnected machine and will lose fat where it wants to, not where YOU choose based on the exercises you do. What you are looking to accomplish is reducing the adipose tissue on top of the abs. The best way to reduce this is by lowering your caloric intake.